End-stage renal disease is the final stage of chronic kidney failure. At this point, kidney function is so poor that either dialysis or kidney transplantation is needed to sustain life. A number of complications may develop with end-stage renal disease depending on how rapidly it occurs, including:

• Anemia
• High blood pressure
• Congestive heart failure
• Bone disease
• Digestive tract problems
• Loss of mental functioning (dementia)